Research Article
Biofungicide Based Calcium, Azadirachta indica and Sida acuta Against Phytophthora megakarya
Ebenezer Tatiekam Foka,
Paul Martial Téné Tayo,
Tatiana Flore Magni Pacha,
Aristide Dzelamonyuy,
Sylvain Leroy Kamdem Sado,
Pierre Effa Onomo,
Cécile Annie Ewané*,
Thaddée Boudjeko
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 6, December 2023
Pages:
171-181
Received:
Sep. 14, 2023
Accepted:
Oct. 04, 2023
Published:
Nov. 09, 2023
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20231106.11
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Abstract: Plant pesticides are a complementary means to other control methods and an alternative to chemical control. The identification of potential plants that can be used in plant protection against pests is increasing enormously, but the availability of bioformulations is low. The new products developed for plant protection aim to protect them against a larger range of pathogens and include elicitors. The objective of this study is to produce an optimal emulsion bioformulation based on neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.), Sida (Sida acuta Burm. F.) and calcium, that can be used for plant protection against pests. The surface plot of the four factor simplex lattice designs data help to construct significant linear models for stability and activity. The best formulation was selected and optimize. The four Factor mixture designs and stability as well as activity models showed that the best formulation has neem oil (No) 12% (v/v), neem aqueous extract (Ne) 9% (w/v), sida weed hydroalcoholic extract (Se) 9% (w/v), Oyster shell’s calcium-rich extract (Ca) 6% (w/v) and tween-80 (Tw) 24% (v/v) with the production process “AQ + (Tw+No)”. Therefore, the optimize formulation has No 12% (v/v), Ne 9% (w/v), Se 9% (w/v), Ca 4.5%(w/v), calcium oxide (CaO 1.5% (w/v) and Tw 24% (v/v) with the production process “(Tw+No) + AQ”. The best formulation and the optimize one at ambient temperature have 100% of stability and a significant dose dependent activity (P <0.05) against plant pathogens. Apply optimize formulation at 1% on the detached cocoa leaves before inoculation with Phytophthora megakarya reduces disease severity index from 4.2 to 1.5. These results suggest that our models and bioformulation can be useful for T. cocoa protection against P. megakarya, the causal agent of black pod disease.
Abstract: Plant pesticides are a complementary means to other control methods and an alternative to chemical control. The identification of potential plants that can be used in plant protection against pests is increasing enormously, but the availability of bioformulations is low. The new products developed for plant protection aim to protect them against a ...
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Research Article
Screening of Red Small Common Bean Genotypes for Resistance to Angular Leaf Spot and Cercospora Leaf Spot Disease of Common Bean at Bako Area
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 6, December 2023
Pages:
182-191
Received:
Oct. 22, 2023
Accepted:
Nov. 09, 2023
Published:
Nov. 29, 2023
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20231106.12
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Abstract: Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important crop worldwide, comprising of both dry beans and snap (green) beans. The crop has significant economic importance both in income and food sources with high nutritional value in developing countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America. Despite the economic and food security importance of these crops, actual smallholder farm yields are by far below the potential production. The effect of diseases may be restricted to certain production systems, locations and cropping seasons. This activity was initiated to screen resistance or moderately resistance Common bean genotypes against to Angular leaf spot and cercospora leaf spot disease of common bean. 121 common genotypes were used in the experimental with arranged in simple lattice design two rows for one genotype. Disease severity was assessed from 8 per-tagged plants as the percentage with regular intervals using a 1-9 scale. The highest final angular leaf spot and cercospora leaf spot disease severity index was recorded G27 (61.7%) and G92 (38.3%) followed by G172 (60%), and G163 (37.7%) respectively. Among genotypes 121 genotypes, none was found immune or resistant, 49 genotypes found to be moderately resistant (10.1-20% severity), 61 genotypes found to be moderately susceptible (21.-50% severity) and 20 genotypes found to be susceptible (50.1-70% severity), for angular leaf spot and 3 genotypes was found immune or resistant (1-10% severity), 32 genotypes found to be moderately resistant (10.1-20% severity), 85 genotypes found to be moderately susceptible (21.-50% severity) and None of genotypes found to be susceptible (50.1-70% severity) to cercospora leaf spot, disease severity index respectively. In the study it was investigated that significant variation observed in angular leaf spot and cercospora leaf spot disease resistance, growth, grain yield and yield components among the 121 genotypes evaluated at Bako.
Abstract: Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important crop worldwide, comprising of both dry beans and snap (green) beans. The crop has significant economic importance both in income and food sources with high nutritional value in developing countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America. Despite the economic and food security importance of these crops,...
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Review Article
Effect of Mono Cropping on Soil Health and Fertility Management for Sustainable Agriculture Practices: A Review
Tegegn Belete,
Eshetu Yadete
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 6, December 2023
Pages:
192-197
Received:
Oct. 19, 2023
Accepted:
Nov. 02, 2023
Published:
Nov. 30, 2023
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20231106.13
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Abstract: Mono cropping is a common practice in agriculture, and usually causes serious economic losses due to soil degeneration, decreased crop yield and quality, and increased disease incidence, and pest occurance. It mainly due to changes in soil microbial communities, nutrient availability, and allelopathy effect. Recently, progressive studies have illustrated the mechanisms of mono cropping obstacles, and valid strategies to overcome them. Crop rotation and inter-cropping, choosing resistant cultivars, and biological management are only a few strategies for overcoming the drawbacks of mono cropping. Crop rotation is the most established and traditional agronomic technique for maintaining water and nutrient balance; avoiding disease; insect, pest, and weed control; and boosting crop production. Intercropping has been proven to increase yield and plant development, and it can help with serious issues, including small crop production, buildup of pests and diseases, soil deterioration, and environmental contamination. Numerous investigations have demonstrated that the major Benefits of intercropping include the reduction of pests and diseases, the improvement of the efficiency of soil resource use, and the improvement of soil nutrient absorption. Overall, a multi-pronged approach that incorporates soil amendments, crop rotation, and intercropping, along with a deeper understanding of plant–microbe relations and stress responses, may help us to overcome the obstacles associated with mono cropping. Therefore, Crop rotation, intercropping, and soil amendments to maintain soil fertility and promote healthy plant growth, so that they can develop sustainable cropping practices to minimize these effects. By improving soil health, farmers can maintain high crop yields and ensure the viable crop production.
Abstract: Mono cropping is a common practice in agriculture, and usually causes serious economic losses due to soil degeneration, decreased crop yield and quality, and increased disease incidence, and pest occurance. It mainly due to changes in soil microbial communities, nutrient availability, and allelopathy effect. Recently, progressive studies have illus...
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