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Role of Nitrogen on Potato Production: A Review
Hailu Duguma Muleta,
Mosisa Chewaka Aga
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, April 2019
Pages:
36-42
Received:
26 April 2019
Accepted:
27 May 2019
Published:
10 June 2019
Abstract: Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a perennial plant of the Solanaceae family and the world’s most important and widely grown tuber crop ranking fourth after rice, wheat and maize. In terms of human consumption, it ranks third after rice and wheat. It could be one of the most important crops to be introduced in the area where the population experiences recurrent malnutrition due to heavy dependence on cereal crops and poor crop productivity for the reason that its ability to provide a high yield of high-quality product per unit input with a shorter crop cycle as compared to the major cereal crops. To increase potato production Nitrogen (N) among others is the mineral nutrient most commonly deficient in agricultural soils. The optimal response to N fertilizer application differs by cultivar and soil type; hence it needs critical consideration for different cultivars at specific location. Fertilizer requirement varies across locations due to numerous reasons such as difference in soil types, nutrient availability of the soil, economic factors of the area, moisture supply and variety. Ensuring the optimum husbandry including nutrient management is very important because soil-plant system inefficiencies prevent complete utilization of the N, leaving residual N in the soil, which is a waste of natural resources and cause for environmental concern. This needs due attention since the crop demands high level of soil nutrients due to relative poorly developed and shallow root system in relation to yield. Generally, concerning nutrient, optimum yield can be obtained by improving nutrient management (provided that other issues e.g. improved variety are fulfilled) since tuber yield and tuber quality are directly impacted by quantity and timing of nutrient applications. Split application (each on a vital time) of N is important in order to avoid loses through leaching, volatilization, denitrification, utilization by weeds, erosion by running-off water and sedimentation.
Abstract: Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a perennial plant of the Solanaceae family and the world’s most important and widely grown tuber crop ranking fourth after rice, wheat and maize. In terms of human consumption, it ranks third after rice and wheat. It could be one of the most important crops to be introduced in the area where the population experienc...
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Extraction of Anthraquinone Compounds from Chinese Chestnut by Using Ultrasonic-assisted Technology
Cai Ziyi,
Han Mengmeng,
Zhang Xingyuan,
Gao Xiang,
Wang Fang,
Pang Meixia,
Qi Jinghua
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, April 2019
Pages:
43-47
Received:
15 April 2019
Published:
15 June 2019
Abstract: Ultrasonic assisted method was used to extract total anthraquinone compounds from non-enzymatic Browning chestnut kernel. The chestnut was heated in the microwave on 640w by a stainless steel knife for 60 s. Then fried it by heating 120°C for 30 min method result in non-enzymatic until browning of chestnuts fully. The anthraquinone in Chinese chestnut was extracted by ultrasonic cleaner with frequency of 80 kHz and power percentage of 80%. The absorption value was measured and calculated at 254 nm by ultraviolet spectrophotometer. The effects of ethanol concentration, ultrasonic time, extraction temperature and liquid-solid ratio on extraction efficiency were studied. The effect level of different factors on the extraction efficiency of anthraquinone compounds was as follows: liquid-solid ratio>Ultrasonic time > ethanol concentration > extraction temperature. The extraction rate of anthraquinone increased and reached the hightest point when liquid-solid ratio was between 2/1 and 4/1, and it decreased as the liquid-solid ratio rise. The extraction rate of anthraquinone increased with the increase of ultrasonic time, which was the maximum when ultrasonic time was 30 minutes, and the extraction rate remained stable. The extraction rate of anthraquinone increased with the increase of ethanol concentration. The extraction rate reached the maximum when the ethanol concentration was 80%, and tends to be stable with the increased of the concentration. The extraction rate of anthraquinone was increased sharply before the temperature reached 60°C. And it maintained stable at the highest point between 60°C and 70°C. According to the regression equation and the single factor experiment, the optimum extraction technology were ethanol concentration (85%) ultrasonic time (35min) extraction temperature (60°C) and liquid-solid ratio was 4.5:1. The extraction rate of chestnut anthraquinones was up to 77.31μg/g dry weight.
Abstract: Ultrasonic assisted method was used to extract total anthraquinone compounds from non-enzymatic Browning chestnut kernel. The chestnut was heated in the microwave on 640w by a stainless steel knife for 60 s. Then fried it by heating 120°C for 30 min method result in non-enzymatic until browning of chestnuts fully. The anthraquinone in Chinese chest...
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Alarm on the Rapid Increase in Distribution of Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus in China
Jiaying Wang,
Wen Li,
Jihong Zhang,
Ying Xu,
Xianfeng Chen
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, April 2019
Pages:
48-53
Received:
31 March 2019
Accepted:
23 May 2019
Published:
28 June 2019
Abstract: Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) is becoming a major threat to cucurbit crop production and so listed as the quarantine pathogen in many countries. China, as a large crop producing country, can suffer considerable economic loss from virus dissemination and infection. On account of this situation, our paper lies attention on: a. temporal viral distribution, risks and trend of CGMMV in China; b. possible reasons for rapid dissemination; c. available measures for virus control, especially those in phytosanitary category. In order to limit CGMMV dissemination, quarantine of host plant tissues or seeds needs to be further intensified before transportation or even flowing between different countries.
Abstract: Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) is becoming a major threat to cucurbit crop production and so listed as the quarantine pathogen in many countries. China, as a large crop producing country, can suffer considerable economic loss from virus dissemination and infection. On account of this situation, our paper lies attention on: a. temporal v...
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