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Effect of Seed Rate and Row Spacing on Tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) Production at Central Highlands of Ethiopia
Almaz Meseret Gezahegn,
Serkalem Tamiru
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, June 2021
Pages:
71-76
Received:
26 February 2021
Accepted:
16 April 2021
Published:
8 May 2021
Abstract: Field experiments were conducted for three consecutive years (2012-2014) to determine optimum seed rate and row spacing for increasing productivity of tef at central highlands of Ethiopia. The experiment was designed in a randomized complete block design with a factorial combination of three levels of seed rates (5, 10 and 15 kg/ha) and three rows spaces (15, 20, 25cm) with three replications in a factorial arrangement. One satellite treatment of broadcasting of 25 kg/ha seed rate was included. Results revealed that plant height and number of tillers were not significantly affected by a combination of seed rate and row spacing, however, panicle length was significantly affected by a combination of seed rate and row spacing. The lowest seed rate (5kg/ha) with 25 cm row spacing gave the highest panicle length. Yield and yield components of tef were also significantly affected by a combination of seed rate and row spacing at both locations. At both locations, 10 kg/ha seed rate with 20 cm and broadcasted with 25kg/ha seed rate gave significantly higher grain yield, but were not significantly different from other treatments except 5 kg seed rate with 25 cm row spacing. The Partial budget analysis revealed that highest net benefit was recorded from 10 kg/ha seed rate with 20 cm row spacing. Therefore, a seed rate of 10 kg/ha with 20 cm row spacing can be recommended for higher and economic yield of tef at central highlands of Ethiopia.
Abstract: Field experiments were conducted for three consecutive years (2012-2014) to determine optimum seed rate and row spacing for increasing productivity of tef at central highlands of Ethiopia. The experiment was designed in a randomized complete block design with a factorial combination of three levels of seed rates (5, 10 and 15 kg/ha) and three rows ...
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Sustainable Control of the Sugarcane Smut Disease Caused by Sporisorium scitamineum Piep. Using an Essential Oil of Cymbopogon citratus
Yao Kouadio Jacques-Edouard,
Kassi Koffi Fernand-Jean Martial,
Kouamé Konan Didier,
Kouamé Koffi Gaston,
N’guessan Aya Carine,
Bolou Bi Bolou Antoine,
N’guessan Kangah Martial,
Koné Daouda
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, June 2021
Pages:
77-83
Received:
1 February 2021
Accepted:
9 February 2021
Published:
14 May 2021
Abstract: Sugarcane smut disease, caused by Sporisorium scitamineum, is one of the most damaging fungal diseases in the world. This study aims to evaluate the effect of treatment with a formulation based on Cymbopogon citratus essential oil on the incidence of S. scitamineum in sugarcane cultivation. The study was conducted under controlled conditions at the research site of the Bingerville scientific pole in Côte d'Ivoire. Some sugarcane cuttings of NCo376 variety were inoculated by dipping in a teliospores solution of 5.106 teliospores/ml. Before planting, the cuttings were cold treated in a C. citratus essential oil. Propiconazole-treated cuttings served as a reference control and untreated cuttings served as a negative control. Agronomic parameters of the cane and descriptors of smut disease were monitored for eight months to assess the health status of treated and untreated plants. Analysis of variance and comparison of means were performed using the Newman-Keuls test at 5% significance level using Statistica 7.1 software. The results showed that, the pre-treatment of cuttings with C. citratus oil had a benefic effect on the cutting’s germination, height, tillering, stem diameter, internode length, number of internodes and biomass of sugarcane plants with the doses of 500-ppm and 1000-ppm. Moreover, the incidence of smut disease was greatly reduced from the 500-ppm of C. citratus essential oil. In addition, the essential oil-based treatment had similar effects to propiconazole and much better than the untreated controls. Therefore, this pre-treatment of cuttings with C. citratus essential oil could be an alternative to the use of chemicals in the fight against sugarcane smut disease.
Abstract: Sugarcane smut disease, caused by Sporisorium scitamineum, is one of the most damaging fungal diseases in the world. This study aims to evaluate the effect of treatment with a formulation based on Cymbopogon citratus essential oil on the incidence of S. scitamineum in sugarcane cultivation. The study was conducted under controlled conditions at the...
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Detection and Analysis of Rice Quality of Yunnan Purple Rice Seed Resources
Bo Peng,
Jing Qiu,
Ziyi Xue,
Shuang Tu,
Anqi Lou,
Chao Dong,
Cuifeng Tang,
Xinxiang A,
Fang Yang,
Yanming Zhang,
Mengyang Zheng,
Yaqin Huang,
Yanyang Sun,
Quanxiu Wang,
Wei Zhou,
Hongyu Yuan
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, June 2021
Pages:
84-95
Received:
27 April 2021
Accepted:
10 May 2021
Published:
20 May 2021
Abstract: Purple rice, as a special rice with important nutritional and health functions, has important scientific significance and application value for genetic improvement of purple rice and breeding of new varieties through in-depth study on its grain quality characters. In this paper, the grain quality characters of 39 kinds of purple rice introduced from Yunnan were tested, and the test results were analyzed comprehensively, which provided scientific basis for the introduction and popularization of high quality purple rice in Yunnan. Taking purple rice germplasm resources introduced from Yunnan Province as experimental materials, the appearance quality, cooking and eating quality, cooking and eating quality of 39 kinds of purple rice were analyzed by using near-infrared grain analyzer, automatic amino acid analyzer, viscometer and microwave digestion instrument combined with biochemical and physical-chemical analysis techniques and methods the grinding quality and nutritional quality were detected and analyzed. The results showed that there were abundant variation types in grain length, grain width, ratio of length to width, gelatinization temperature, taste value, amylose content, viscosity of rice flour, protein content, amino acid content, brown rice rate, milled rice rate and head rice rate. In particular, the appearance quality of grain type, milling quality of head rice rate, nutritional quality of amino acid content, cooking and eating quality of Rice Flour Viscosity, eating value and gelatinization temperature and other important quality traits in rice materials have a wide range of variation. Therefore, the results of this study provide important genetic and breeding resources for the breeding of new rice varieties with high quality.
Abstract: Purple rice, as a special rice with important nutritional and health functions, has important scientific significance and application value for genetic improvement of purple rice and breeding of new varieties through in-depth study on its grain quality characters. In this paper, the grain quality characters of 39 kinds of purple rice introduced fro...
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Genetic Diversity Analysis of Ethiopian Yam (Dioscorea spp) from Different Geographic Origin Using Simple Sequence Repeat
Atnafua Bekele,
Endashaw Bekele
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, June 2021
Pages:
96-106
Received:
16 September 2020
Accepted:
26 May 2021
Published:
21 June 2021
Abstract: Yam (Dioscorea spp L.) is one of root and tuber crops grown in Ethiopia as source of food and income. It is cultivated mainly in south, southwest, and western part of the country. Two hundred ten yam accessions from ten different geographic origins of major growing areas of the country were used in this study. The sprouted tubers of some accessions were received from research centers where others were directly collected from farmers’ fields during early March, 2010. The collected yam genotypes were planted in complete randomized block design at two research sites (namely at Hawasa and Wonago) which are found under South Agricultural Research Institute in the end of April 2010. All important cultural practices such as staking, weeding and irrigation were done starting from planting till harvesting. Yam leaf samples with of different origin were observed separately using twenty SSR markers. A similarity matrix derived UPGMA cluster analysis based on geographical sites showed nine distinct clustering groups which indicated presence of relationship between genetic distances to that of geographical distance in most of clustering groups. These cluster grouping is supported by Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) that indicated presence of significance genetic variation of 210 yam accessions within and among ten collection sites.
Abstract: Yam (Dioscorea spp L.) is one of root and tuber crops grown in Ethiopia as source of food and income. It is cultivated mainly in south, southwest, and western part of the country. Two hundred ten yam accessions from ten different geographic origins of major growing areas of the country were used in this study. The sprouted tubers of some accessions...
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Incidence of Plant-Destructive Nematodes and Associated Damages on Yams Grown in Nasarawa State, North-Central Nigeria
Christopher Oche Eche,
Obiageli Evelyn Okafor
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, June 2021
Pages:
107-112
Received:
22 May 2021
Accepted:
11 June 2021
Published:
22 June 2021
Abstract: Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are a major risk to yam (Dioscorea spp.) production in Nigeria. With the aim of establishing plant-parasitic nematode genera associated with yam tubers in Nasarawa State in order to engender sustainable management options and mitigation policies for their control, surveys were conducted in the main yam-producing local government areas (LGAs) of Nasarawa. A total of 54 yam farms were surveyed for PPNs and their associated damage on yam using multi-stage sampling technique. Three communities each, in Lafia, Keana, Kokona, Awe, Obi and Doma LGAs were assessed for the incidence of PPNs and their associated damages on yam. A total of 54 farmers’ fields and 60 yam tubers were assessed in the study. The survey revealed that the eleven PPNs genera were recovered from the soil and tubers of infected yam included Pratylenchus, Hoplolaimus, Helicotylenchus, Criconema, Meloidogyne, Rotylenchus, Scutellonema, Xiphenema, Tylenchulus, Trichodorus and Rotylenchus. Meloidogyne (75.29%, Scutellonema (57.20) and Pratylenchus (44.55%), in order of descending ranking, had the highest incidences across the six LGAs. The destructive activities of these nematodes lead to in unattractive, verrucose or knobby appearances on infected yam tubers, thereby resulting in low to extremely low tuber quality of marketable yams in Nasarawa State.
Abstract: Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are a major risk to yam (Dioscorea spp.) production in Nigeria. With the aim of establishing plant-parasitic nematode genera associated with yam tubers in Nasarawa State in order to engender sustainable management options and mitigation policies for their control, surveys were conducted in the main yam-producing loc...
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Composition of Metabolites in Swamp Rice Varieties to Stress Tolerance Screening
Sujinah,
Swisci Margaret,
Indrastuti Apri Rumanti,
Nurwulan Agustiani
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, June 2021
Pages:
113-118
Received:
24 May 2021
Accepted:
9 June 2021
Published:
22 June 2021
Abstract: Rice is an important food and produces metabolites which play several roles in the defense of the plant against abiotic and biotic stress. The development of stress tolerance variety is an importance for rice production. This study aims to analyze the metabolites of rice straw extract using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The analysis was carried out with 10 rice straw extracts at the flowering stage, while a total of 78 compounds were identified from the extract. The number of compounds in each variety ranged from 12-23. Fatty acid was the most dominant compound with 37%, followed by ester 26%, and steroid 14%. Palmitic, linoleic, and oleic acid were fatty acids found in many varieties. In addition, ethyl palmitate and 2-ethylhexyl hydrogen phthalate were also detected in all extracts. Based on the results, the highest content found in all varieties was 2-ethylhexyl hydrogen phthalate, except for Inpara 7 and 8 which predominantly contain linoleic acid. Inpara 4, 3, and 5 were included in one cluster that has a higher 2-ethylhexyl hydrogen phthalate, but a lower palmitic and linoleic acid content. The fatty acid can be used as one of the potential criteria in screening varieties for tolerance to stress, especially cold temperature, salinity, and blast disease.
Abstract: Rice is an important food and produces metabolites which play several roles in the defense of the plant against abiotic and biotic stress. The development of stress tolerance variety is an importance for rice production. This study aims to analyze the metabolites of rice straw extract using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The analysis...
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