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Assessing Farmer’s Perception Towards Improved Quncho Teff Variety in Gindeberet District, West Showa Zone, Oromia Region Ethiopia
Dawit Milkias,
Gemechu Beri
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 5, October 2020
Pages:
106-111
Received:
4 August 2020
Accepted:
17 August 2020
Published:
31 August 2020
Abstract: Tef is among the major cereal crops in the Horn of Africa particularly in Ethiopia where it is number one in terms of land allocated to its cultivation. This crop is the major staple food crop to most of the Ethiopian people living in the highlands which comprise more than 65% of the population. This study was aimed at analyzing farmers’ perception towards improved Quncho teff varieties and constraints faced in producing improved teff variety in Gindeberet district. A descriptive survey design was adopted in which 150 respondents were randomly selected from six Peasant association of the district to collect the required data. The study result revealed that depending on the items developed for this study among the given agreements perception on high yield potential of the variety, increase production and yield, availability of the technology on production and agro-ecological suitability of the variety had showed relatively best performance of the varieties, whereas availability of the improved seed at the right time with its quality and disease resistance of the crop indicates relatively poorest agreement compared to all other characteristics of level of agreements considered. The overall finding revealed that, the government and other stakeholders should invest in farmer training since it enables farmers to understand well technologies and perceive their benefits increasing their probability to adopt agricultural technologies and provide adequate extension services and solve un availability of improved seed at the right time, high prices of inputs particularly improved seeds, pesticides and fertilizers in the district.
Abstract: Tef is among the major cereal crops in the Horn of Africa particularly in Ethiopia where it is number one in terms of land allocated to its cultivation. This crop is the major staple food crop to most of the Ethiopian people living in the highlands which comprise more than 65% of the population. This study was aimed at analyzing farmers’ perception...
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Effects of Organic Amendments on Soil Fertility and Environmental Quality: A Review
Mulugeta Aytenew,
Getahun Bore
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 5, October 2020
Pages:
112-119
Received:
5 August 2019
Accepted:
22 October 2019
Published:
8 September 2020
Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to review the main effects of organic amendments on soil fertility and environmental quality. The review showed that both organic amendment types could improve the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soil and environmental quality in a dose dependent manner and frequency of application. Application of organic amendments lower soil bulk density values by more than 5% versus sole urea fertilized soil and for each 1% increase inorganic matter, soil water holding capacity increased by up to 3.7%. Organic amendments play a positive role in chemical characteristics of the soil including increase in organic carbon (up to 58% with 120 t ha-1 versus unfertilized soil) and organic nitrogen up to 90% depending on the type and the level applied. Repeated application of organic amendments to cropland led to an improvement of microbial biomass by up to 100% and increased enzymatic activity by 30%. Organic amendments also play a positive role in climate change mitigation by soil carbon sequestration although the size of which is dependent on their type, rates and frequency of application. However, organic amendments have more of long-term return rather than short-term positive effect and there is competition of organic materials for the purpose of fodder or fuel. As a result, additional measures such as physical and biological soil conservation measures should get due attention and it is better to use the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers in order to sustain soil fertility and environmental quality.
Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to review the main effects of organic amendments on soil fertility and environmental quality. The review showed that both organic amendment types could improve the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soil and environmental quality in a dose dependent manner and frequency of application. Applicati...
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Effect of Organic Manure on Growth of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Under Poplar Tree Based Agroforestry System
Gyan Shri Kaushal,
Rajiv Umrao
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 5, October 2020
Pages:
120-122
Received:
29 September 2019
Accepted:
7 November 2019
Published:
21 September 2020
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted with linseed under Poplar during Rabi season of 2018 at crop Research Farm, Department of Silviculture & Agroforestry, SHUATS, Prayagraj, (U. P.). An approach to land use that incorporates trees into farming systems, and allows for the production of trees and crops or livestock from the same piece of land in order to obtain economic, ecological, environmental and cultural benefits. Fastgrowing energy plant and trees such as poplar are characterized by short-term growth and weight gain significantly exceeding the average growth of other plant during the growing period. Use of vermicompost for crop growth is in focus in recent researches, but the response to the application of vermicompost had been specific to each plant species and the stage of growth. Such as unbalance continuous application of limited fertilizers both in the amount and type may aggravate the depletion of other important nutrients such as K, Mg, Ca, S and micro-nutrients not supplied by the chemical fertilizer and may also lead to chemical soil degradation. The treatment comprised of FYM 100%, Control, VC 100%, FYM 50%, VC 50%, FYM 75%, VC 75%, FYM 125%, VC 125% under Poplar based Agroforestry. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD). The result Showed that maximum plant height (cm), plant diameter (cm2) recorded at 30, 60, 90 and 120 DAT, capsule per plant, seed per capsule were recorded. The treatment (T11) with application of (FYM 125%) showed the significant superiority in giving the maximum plant height (58.41cm at 120 days), plant diameter (4.43cm2 at 120 days), capsule per plant (48.93 at 120 days), and seed per capsule 9.33. Poplar based Agroforestry system could be rank based on economic performance of linseed also recorded in treatment T11 (FYM 125%).
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted with linseed under Poplar during Rabi season of 2018 at crop Research Farm, Department of Silviculture & Agroforestry, SHUATS, Prayagraj, (U. P.). An approach to land use that incorporates trees into farming systems, and allows for the production of trees and crops or livestock from the same piece of land in order t...
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In-vitro Screening of Selected Accessions of Wheat (Tritium Aestivum L.) Variety for Drought Tolerance in Ethiopia
Yirgashewa Asfere,
Dejene Zenabu,
Eneyew Kassahu,
Abdulkerim Adam,
Abi Kebede,
Alemi Gasha,
Aleminesh Dida,
Alemshet Atlaw,
Biyensh Tefera,
Tigist Wolore
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 5, October 2020
Pages:
123-133
Received:
27 September 2019
Accepted:
4 November 2019
Published:
24 September 2020
Abstract: In-vitro Screening of Selected Accessions of Wheat (Tritium Aestivum L.) Variety for Drought Tolerance in Ethiopia
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Review on Role of Home Garden Agroforestry Practices to Improve Livelihood of Small Scale Farmers and Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation
Sisay Taye Gifawesen,
Fikadu Kitaba Tola,
Mezgebu Senbeto Duguma
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 5, October 2020
Pages:
134-145
Received:
21 August 2019
Accepted:
11 December 2019
Published:
24 September 2020
Abstract: Agroforestry is one of the most conspicuous land use systems across landscapes and agro ecological zones in Africa. Some of the components of Agroforestry systems are; home garden agroforestry, alley cropping, forest farming, wind break, river banks, park land, crop land trees and buffer zones agroforestry practices. Climate change impacts by complex weather-related phenomena have threatened agricultural and forest ecosystems and the livelihood of agricultural and local communities. Agroforestry has an important role in climate change adaptation through diversified land-use practices, sustainable livelihoods, sources of income, enhanced forest and agricultural productivity and reduced weather-related production losses, which enhance resilience against climate impacts. Like few other land use options, agroforestry has real potential to contribute to food security, climate change mitigation and adaptation, while preserving and strengthening the environmental resource base of Africa’s rural landscapes. It has a key role to play in landscape-scale mitigation schemes under the REDD+or AFOLU (Agriculture, Forestry and other land uses) concepts. Home garden agroforestry system indicates that adaptation and mitigation to climate change will largely depend on the increased resilience of both agroforestry systems and of local management capacity. Despite less attention has been given to tree based land use option, agroforestry has played a major role in reducing household vulnerability to shocking. Smallholder farmers have already started mainstreaming tree based land use system as resilience to social needs because the poor are more exposed to change; Agroforestry is one of best risk aversion option to make them move out of food insecurity. Generally, agroforestry systems readily bundle both mitigation and adaptation strategies and provide several pathways to securing food security for poor farmers, while contributing to climate change mitigation. Agroforestry should attract more attention in global agendas on climate adaptation and mitigation because of its positive social and environmental impacts.
Abstract: Agroforestry is one of the most conspicuous land use systems across landscapes and agro ecological zones in Africa. Some of the components of Agroforestry systems are; home garden agroforestry, alley cropping, forest farming, wind break, river banks, park land, crop land trees and buffer zones agroforestry practices. Climate change impacts by compl...
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Penman and Thornthwaite Equations for Estimating Reference Evapotranspiration Under Semi-Arid Environment
Muhammad Hafeez,
Allah Bakhsh Gulshan,
Abdul Basit,
Zia Ahmad Chattha,
Alamgir Akhtar Khan,
Muhammad Adnan Majeed,
Fatima Tahira
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 5, October 2020
Pages:
146-151
Received:
10 April 2020
Accepted:
22 August 2020
Published:
24 September 2020
Abstract: The estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is required for effective development and management of agriculture water systems. In order to define the most accurate method to estimate ETo in semi-arid climatic environment of Faisalabad, Lahore and Peshawar. Penman ETo method and Thornthwaite ETo method are compared with standard Penman-Monteith (PM) ETo method. The statistical results show that the Penman ETo method overestimate ETo as compared to the PM ETo method in all the semi-arid climatic regions of Faisalabad, Lahore and Peshawar by 34.91%, 39.51% and 30.75%, respectively. The coefficient of determination (R2) were 0.98, 0.98 and 0.99 at Faisalabad, Lahore and Peshawar weather stations, respectively. The root mean square error (RMSE) are 2.47 mm/day, 2.64 mm/day and 2.19 mm/day at Faisalabad, Lahore and Peshawar weather station, respectively. The mean bias error (MBE) of-2.41 mm/day,-2.58 mm/day and-2.13 mm/day are noted at Faisalabad, Lahore and Peshawar weather stations, respectively. The statistical results of Thornthwaite (Th) ETo method with PM ETo method indicate underestimation of ETo in winter season and overestimation of ETo in summer season by 13.81%, 22.43% and 14.54% at Faisalabad, Lahore and Peshawar stations, respectively. The coefficient of determination (R2) of Thornthwait ETo method when compared with PM ETo method 0.92, 0.89 and 0.95 are noted at Faisalabad, Lahore and Peshawar weather stations, respectively. The root mean square error (RMSE) are 2.14 mm/day, 2.36 mm/day and 1.16 mm/day at Faisalabad, Lahore and Peshawar weather stations, respectively. The mean bias error (MBE) are-0.68 mm/day,-1.12 mm/day and 0.61 mm/day at Faisalabad, Lahore and Peshawar weather stations, respectively. Overall, Thornthwaite method gave better estimation of ETo than Penman ETo method at all the Weather stations.
Abstract: The estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is required for effective development and management of agriculture water systems. In order to define the most accurate method to estimate ETo in semi-arid climatic environment of Faisalabad, Lahore and Peshawar. Penman ETo method and Thornthwaite ETo method are compared with standard Penman-Mont...
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Effect of Sowing Methods on Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Through Zero and Other Tillage Method
Karim Bakhsh,
Zulfiqar Al Mastoie,
Abdul Sattar Khetran,
Tariq Al Mastoie,
Bilal Hussain Mastoie,
Sayed Jahangeer Shah,
Zahoor Ahmed Khetran,
Khalid Iqbal,
Binish Baig
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 5, October 2020
Pages:
152-157
Received:
19 June 2020
Accepted:
3 July 2020
Published:
12 October 2020
Abstract: The study was carried out during the year 2017-18 to check the effect of sowing methods on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) through zero and other tillage methods, variety Sunheri was sown through different sowing methods. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used with three treatments T1 = Drilling zero tillage, T2 = broadcasting after tillage and T3 = drilling after tillage. The experiment was replicated three times. The observations were recorded on plant height (cm), tillers m-2, spike length (cm), spiklets spike-1, grains spike-1, seed index (1000-grain wt., g), biological yield (kg ha-1) and grain yield (kg ha-1). The results of the study summarized that the wheat variety sown by drilling (after tillage) showed remarkably superior performance with 81.03 cm plant height, 452.67 tillers m-2, 14.46 cm spike length, 17.33 spikelets spike-1, 45.33 grains spike-1, 50.66 g seed index (1000-grain weight), 6866.7 kg ha-1 biological yield and 3595.50 kg ha-1 grain yield. Drilling after tillage was followed by sowing method broadcasting after tillage with 77.06 cm plant height, 313.33 tillers m-2, 9.26 cm spike length, 14.66 spikelets spike-1, 36.00 grains spike-1, 40.00 g seed index (1000-grain weight), 6533.3 kg ha-1 biological yield and 3060.0 kg ha-1 grain yield. On the other hand drilling with zero tillage sowing method showed small 76.10 cm plant height less number of 320.67 tillers m-2, 8.00 cm spike length, 12.00 spikelets spike-1, 33.66 grains spike-1, 36.00 g seed index (1000-grain weight), 6500.0 kg ha-1 biological yield and 3071.7 kg ha-1 grain yield. It is concluded that the crop sown by drilling after tillage produced more grain yield of 3595.50 kg ha-1 as compared to drilled with zero tillage 3071.7 kg ha-1 and broadcasted after tillage (3060.0 kg ha-1).
Abstract: The study was carried out during the year 2017-18 to check the effect of sowing methods on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) through zero and other tillage methods, variety Sunheri was sown through different sowing methods. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used with three treatments T1 = Drilling zero tillage, T2 = broadca...
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Assessment of Traditional Agroforestry Practices, Benefits and Constraints: The Case of West Hararghe Zone, Oromia National Regional State, South-eastern Ethiopia
Husen Yusuf,
Alemeyehu Beyene,
Muktar Reshad,
Mangistu Teshoma
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 5, October 2020
Pages:
158-166
Received:
12 August 2020
Accepted:
24 August 2020
Published:
14 October 2020
Abstract: A study was conducted in west Hararghe zone with the main objectives of understanding various traditional Agroforestry practices and to identify reasons behind practicing and to prioritize major constraints related to traditional Agroforestry practices. (18) Peasant associations in 6 rural districts were selected by multistage sampling in which 600 household heads were selected using random sampling techniques. Qualitative data were generated by conducting household survey interviews, focus group discussions, key informant interview, and direct field observations were applied to secure additional data. Data were manipulated using suitable analytical software packages to calculate descriptive statistics, including percentages and frequency. A total of 478 (79.7%) of smallholder farmers expressed interest in practicing traditional agroforestry in their farm plots, 122 (20.3%) of the total had no single practices in their farm plots. The results of this study have shown that mixed intercropping (44%), homegarden (36%), trees on cropland (31%), boundary planting (25%), trees on soil conservation (18%), multi-purpose woodlots (17%) and trees on rangeland (9%) are the common traditional agroforestry practices in the study area. The major benefits for planting tree species were for income, soil quality, food, shade, fuel wood, construction purpose, manure, fodder and medicinal purpose. On the other hand, lack of adequate seedlings availability, shortage of land, rainfall shortage, termite hazard and disease, animal browsing, shortage of labour and inadequate extension servicesare the major constraints recorded in the study areas. The study recommends the suggestions made to overcome difficulties of practicing traditional agroforestry in smallholders’ farm plots have implications for the way forwarded.
Abstract: A study was conducted in west Hararghe zone with the main objectives of understanding various traditional Agroforestry practices and to identify reasons behind practicing and to prioritize major constraints related to traditional Agroforestry practices. (18) Peasant associations in 6 rural districts were selected by multistage sampling in which 600...
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Population Structure and Toposequence Distribution of Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam. ex Poir and Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich) Hoscht in the Ferlo (Senegal)
Ramata Talla,
Moustapha Bassimbe Sagna,
Mariama Dalanda Diallo,
Aly Diallo,
Ndiabou Faye,
Oumar Sarr,
Erick Sylvin Badji,
Sekouna Diatta,
Daouda Ngom,
Aliou Guisse
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 5, October 2020
Pages:
167-176
Received:
19 September 2020
Accepted:
9 October 2020
Published:
16 October 2020
Abstract: The general objective of this study is to describe the demographic structure and distribution according to topographic units of two woody species, Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam. Ex Poir and Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich) Hoscht in Widou Thiengoly (Ferlo) in northern Senegal. Stratified random sampling was used to carry out the study taking into consideration the topographic units (low background, pouring and tray). The ligneous inventory method consisted in carrying out vegetation surveys using a dendrometric approach with a minimum area of 2500 m2. The results obtained indicate that in the study area, the population of B. senegalensis is denser (42 ± 7.3 ind/ha) compared to that of S. birrea (6.1 ± 3.4 ind/ha). Topographic variability has a great influence on the life of the species. The study of the structure of individuals in diameter and height classes has shown that the population of B. senegalensis is shrubby and is generally renewed itself well, unlike that of S. birrea, which is more mature and whose lack of regeneration seems to compromise the renewal of the population. Given the total lack of regeneration of the species, this population, therefore requires more effective conservation strategies for its restoration.
Abstract: The general objective of this study is to describe the demographic structure and distribution according to topographic units of two woody species, Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam. Ex Poir and Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich) Hoscht in Widou Thiengoly (Ferlo) in northern Senegal. Stratified random sampling was used to carry out the study taking into con...
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Identification and Cluster Analysis of Sweet Corn Based on Grain Textural Properties
Xiangnan Li,
Guihua Lv,
Jianjian Chen,
Zhenxing Wu,
Guojin Guo
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 5, October 2020
Pages:
177-184
Received:
22 September 2020
Accepted:
9 October 2020
Published:
16 October 2020
Abstract: The edible qualities are crucial factors for quality of Fresh-eating sweet Corn. However, the research of the edible quality at the milking stage remains largely ambiguous in sweet corn. To identify phenotypes and classify genotypes via principal component analysis and cluster analysis, the textural properties of the grain of 51 sweet corn varieties in regional tests were measured by texture analyzer. The results showed that there was high genetic variation and diversity in the grain textural properties (hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness, chewiness, resilience, gumminess) between the 51 sweet corn varieties. Among the variation in these textural properties, the variation in adhesiveness was the greatest, and the variation in cohesiveness was the smallest; the variation ranges were 1.145~18.190 and 0.126~0.253, respectively. There were very significantly positive relationships between hardness, cohesiveness, chewiness and gumminess; the correlation coefficients were greater than 0.783. However, no significant correlation between resilience and the other traits was observed. According to principal component analysis (PCA), the above seven textural characteristics were governed by three independent principal components. The per cent contributions of the variance of the three independent principal components were 54.656%, 15.814% and 14.737%. Hardness, springiness and resilience were the dominant factors affecting the textural properties of the sweet corn grain. According to systematic cluster analysis, the 51 sweet corn varieties could be classified into 2 groups based on their hardness values, and group 1 could be further classified into 3 subgroups based on the values of springiness and resilience. These results indicated that significant genetic differences exist in the textural properties of sweet corn grain and provided useful information for improving the edible quality of sweet corn.
Abstract: The edible qualities are crucial factors for quality of Fresh-eating sweet Corn. However, the research of the edible quality at the milking stage remains largely ambiguous in sweet corn. To identify phenotypes and classify genotypes via principal component analysis and cluster analysis, the textural properties of the grain of 51 sweet corn varietie...
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The Effect of N, P, K Fertilizer and Nano Silica Fertilizer to Total N Content, N Uptake, and Black Rice Yield (Oryza sativa L. Indica) on Inceptisols from Jatinangor
Nabilla Salsa Amalya,
Anni Yuniarti,
Ade Setiawan,
Yuliati Machfud
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 5, October 2020
Pages:
185-188
Received:
3 April 2020
Accepted:
20 April 2020
Published:
26 October 2020
Abstract: Black rice is a functional food with high anthocyanin content that can be beneficial for health. Inceptisols have the potential to support the growth of black rice plants because it is widely distributed in the mainland region of Indonesia, which is around 70.52 million ha. However, it has problems with its relatively low soil fertility, especially in the nutrient content of N. These problems need to be sought with proper handling, one of which is by fertilizing using N, P, K fertilizer and Nano Silica fertilizer. This study aims to determine the effect of N, P, K fertilizer and Nano Silica fertilizer on total N content, N uptake, and Black Rice Yield (Oryza sativa L. indica) on Inceptisols from Jatinangor. This research was conducted in September 2019 until January 2020 in the Ciparanje Experiment Garden, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, with an altitude of 750 meters above sea level. The experimental design was carried out using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of nine treatments with three replications. The results showed that the combination of 1 N, P, K fertilizer (Urea 300 kg ha-1, SP-36 50 kg ha-1, and KCl 50 kg ha-1) followed by giving of 1 Nano Silica fertilizer (2 mL/L) gives the best black rice yield with Dry Grain weight of 82.20 g/plant or equivalent to 11.18 t ha-1.
Abstract: Black rice is a functional food with high anthocyanin content that can be beneficial for health. Inceptisols have the potential to support the growth of black rice plants because it is widely distributed in the mainland region of Indonesia, which is around 70.52 million ha. However, it has problems with its relatively low soil fertility, especially...
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